I know what you’re asking – the question on the tip of your tongue, which you dare not speak. “Was there any decent Science Fiction published in The Idler between 1892 and 1895?”
Well, you’ve come to the right place. I’ve read every issue so far and the answer is – well, no. Not really. There’s lots of miasmic, vague, heading-in-that-direction sort of stuff but only about four outright occurances of something I’d consider anthologising, and even then it’s mostly been social fantasy. No spaceships. No aliens. No robots.
Not yet, anyway. 1895, the year I’ve just got to, is a bit of a watershed year for sf, because it’s the year H. G. Wells kicks things up a notch with the publication of The Time Machine. He proceeds to churn out genre classics (quite literally) at the rate of one a year, peaking in 1898 with The War of the Worlds, whose shadow most present-day sf still lives under.
My suspicion, yet to be verified, is that the months following the serial publication of Wells’s debut in ‘95 will see an acceleration in the appearance of more traditionally-definable sf in the other periodicals, as editors realise that there’s money in this kind of writing.
It may well not be the case, however – if you immerse yourself in genre writing from the 1890s, one of the first things you’ll notice is that westerns, society tales, romances, detective stories, interviews and reviews are all bound together by their common vehicle of transmission – by the house style and editorial principles of the journal in which they are bound together. Science Fiction is just part of this huge milieu, and although Wells plays an important role in crystallising it, he by no means invents it.
In any case, The Idler is likely to lag behind the trends set by the bigger periodicals – magazines like The Strand, which I’ll be coming to later on in my research. As its title suggests, The Idler is edited in a slightly more idiosyncratic manner than its rivals. Its chiefs seem to me likely to put their own aesthetic judgments ahead of whatever the market is doing when Wells’s work starts taking off.
I wish I could show you some of my Idler photocopies without the Bodleian firing me into the sun. As a cop-out, I quote from their special ‘Advanced Woman’ number (not a sci-fi Advanced Woman, I hasten to add). This passage is written by Mary L. Prendred under the heading ‘How to Court the Advanced Woman’:
In the first place, I submit that the ‘Advanced Woman’ [...] does not so much require to be courted as convinced. The word ‘court’, I take it, signifies to solicit, cajole, persuade, or – as a slang term defines it – canoodle, and the so-called ‘New’ woman is not to be canoodled. Either she falls in love or she doesn’t; and if she doesn’t, it is not necessarily due to any failure of method on the part of the man who wants to marry her. He may, at all events, be sure that she is quite ready to wed the one who can command her respect, attract her senses, and assure her of his right to her, whether he be intellectually her superior, equal or inferior. For the most highly-developed woman is not all brains, and there are to be found in the average man diverse other qualities as compelling and worthy of worship as intellectuality. Moreover, there ought to be less difficulty about coming to an understanding with an ‘Advanced Woman’ than with a traditional one. The latter is hemmed in by pretences and the fear of what outsiders may say or think. The former should be free from such considerations, and, when a man has satisfied her that he is desirable, should be prepared to meet him with the frankest encouragement. Coyness and modesty are not confused in the mind of the ‘Advanced Woman’.
Nothing to do with Science Fiction at all, of course – but we do have the upturning of old values, and, by inference, the idea of a new and consciously created social order. Ally this to the didactic tone of the piece and its situation in a magazine alongside westerns and detective stories and you get a slightly different picture. Even if sf has yet to make its grand entrance, the ground is very well prepared for it.*
So who knows? I’m going in to the post-Time Machine years with as few preconceptions as possible, and only a thorough and extended reading of as many issues as I can get my hands on will give us the answer. Will sf explode onto the scene after Wells, or will it continue the slow emergence I have already detected? Stay tuned…
* This is not to suggest that all sf emodies the progressive values of Miss Prendred. Indeed, it arguably spends the twentieth century failing in this supposed goal so effectively that the majority of men and women currently ‘courting’ could do far worse than examine closely the passage I have quoted…
Very few genres disempower women as much as sf will go on to do in the 1960s. Equally, however, it is difficult for me to read Prendred’s words without thinking of the aspirational essays which Wells would go on to write in the 1900s. My main point is that sf’s arrival is very far from divorced from its cultural and material context, however fantastical its subject-matter. These are all issues which require much more time spent on them, and I shall spend it.
In the first place, I submit that the 'Advanced Woman' [...] does not so much require to be courted as convinced. The word 'court', I take it, signifies to solicit, cajole, persuade, or - as a slang term defines it - canoodle, and the so-called 'New' woman is not to be canoodled. Either she falls in love or she doesn't; and if she doesn't, it is not necessarily due to any failure of method on the part of the man who wants to marry her. He may, at all events, be sure that she is quite ready to wed the one who can command her respect, attract her senses, and assure her of his right to her, whether he be intellectually her superior, equal or inferior. For the most highly-developed woman is not all brains, and there are to be found in the average man diverse other qualities as compelling and worthy of worship as intellectuality. Moreover, there ought to be less difficulty about coming to an understanding with an 'Advanced Woman' than with a traditional one. The latter is hemmed in by pretences and the fear of what outsiders may say or think. The former should be free from such considerations, and, when a man has satisfied her that he is desirable, should be prepared to meet him with the frankest encouragement. Coyness and modesty are not confused in the mind of the 'Advanced Woman'.
Will Tattersdill
Gosh, lots to think about here then, but you seem ready for the task! I’m amused by the idea of ‘the most highly-developed woman’, which perhaps does sound a little like sf… It’s interesting to hear that house style etc blurs generic differences between, say westerns and sf. Did the editor of periodicals like The Strand and Idler have a say in the content of stories they ran too?
Hey Sharon – I don’t think it’s house style alone that blurs these differences, but it certainly contributes. And yes, from everything I’ve seen so far it looks like editors were very active indeed on content, perhaps because of their large numbers of rivals…